A Comparison of Generational Conflicts in The Kiss and Marriage Is a Pr

Generational Conflicts in The Kiss and conglutination Is a Private Affair As a familys lineage develops, there may be apparent differences in the way of thinking, attitude, and devotion to tradition between the generations. These differences or developments can either build up friction between generations, or in some cases ultimately heal the discord between other generations. Both Julia Alvarezs contemporary short story, The Kiss, and Chinua Achebes classic wedding party Is a Private Affair reveal the conflict that can erupt when one generation of a family diverges from its traditional or family values. Both accounts display differences in the way of thinking of the conflicting parties and touch upon the aspect of healing their generation gap by offering some kind of appeasement. There is the major report portrayed in both stories. In from each one, there is a forbidden marriage that comes about as a result of children disagreeing with and hence rebelling against the traditional impost or values of their family. The major protagonist in each account coincidentally is the father who goes to great extents to estrange the rebellious offspring. Despite the fact that each story is written within a different era and culture, they both exhibit the dominant male figure as the family head, with very little or no input on what is right for the family from any other member. The paternal figures are strongly opinionated and do not waver from what they believe should be the proper behavior of their children, resulting in conflicts between Papi and Sofia, and Okeke and Nnaemeka. Foreshadowing of the main conflict in The Kiss is evident when Papi cautions his daughters by exclaiming, I do not compulsion ... ...s in real life situations, the birth of a child or in this case grandchildren, brings about pacification to feelings of dissension. The celebration of a new life, therefore, is farther more important than any scuffle that might have hindered previous marital relationships, and both Achebe and Alvarez have proved this with their own unique styles. Works Cited Achebe, Chinua. Marriage Is s Private Affair. Literature. 5th ed. Ed. Robert DiYanni. New York McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2002. 253-257. Alvarez, Julia. The Kiss. Literature. 5th ed. Ed. Robert DiYanni . New York McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2002. 488-495. Atwood, Margaret. Happy Endings. Literature. 5th ed. Ed Robert DiYanni. McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2002. 496-499.

The Androgyne in Shakespeares As You Like It :: Shakespeare As You Like It Essays

The Androgyne in As You Like It The androgyne is a strong figure that mentally joins the fe manful and male characteristics together as one (American Heritage). Androgyny does not only refer to the physical senses it also refers to the cultural and social aspects of daily life. in that location atomic number 18 two main types of androgyny that were applied during the Renaissance which are referred to as mythic and satiric androgyny (Orgel, 38). Satiric androgyny mainly deals with feminized male figures and unfixed, unstable individual identities, and is essentially negative, (Hermaphrodites, 1). Mythic androgyny consists of cross-dressers, water imagery and the fluid individual identity, and is essentially positive, (Hermaphrodites, 2). As You Like It is based on the concepts include in Mythic androgyny. We find that Rosalind dresses as a man after she is banished from the court, yet her actions continue to revert back to her cleaning ladyish characteristics. Her disguise would be considered cross-dressing and her ever-changing could be considered as being the fluid individual identity. The fluid individual identity is a way of saying that she changes her own identity. When Rosalind is talking with Celia or Touchstone, she takes on her female identity, but when Rosalind talks with Orlando she takes on the male identity of Ganymede. As You Like It starts out in the court, where Rosalind in a female dressed as a female, and Orlando is a male dressed as a male. Rosalind is being treated like a woman and she clearly acts like one. She attends the wrestling match, where her uncle, Duke Frederick, asks her and Celia, her cousin, to tense up on talk Orlando out of participating in the match. This is the point when Rosalind and Orlando meet, coerce, and begin having feelings for each other. Orlando does in fact defeat Charles, the Dukes wrestler. In this situation, Rosalind is portraying a female with typical female characteristics and Orlando is carrying out h is male characteristics. In the court, they are in there true societal roles, but once they enter the forest of Ardenne those roles are dramatically changed. The androgynous woman literally incorporates the independence that the male was designed to exemplify prior to the introduction of woman, but the male who depends on a woman becomes effeminate and is perceived as missing something in the outline of maleness, (Rose, 25). While in the forest of Ardenne, Rosalind is dressing in and taking on the male persona.

Creative Essay: Why Are There Poor People -- essays research papers

Cr tireive Essay Why Are There Poor PeopleLooking back on my childhood, I fulfil how lucky I was to be blessedwith the family I have. Knowing what I know now, I have come to understand thatnot every electric razor had the same life that I had. Not every child had a living roomfull of gifts on Christmas morning, or a family to share a birthday with. I waslucky enough to have all of the luxuries that so many children yearn for. Somany children take for granted the fact that they eat three meals a day, whileso many others are lucky to find a scrap of bread in a dumpster.It wasnt until I was some nine or ten when I realized that there werepoor people in the world. My family and I had been on our annual trip to NewYork metropolis to see ...

The Trouble with Stereotyping Essay -- Stereotypes

The Trouble with StereotypingThe being has hit a brick wall in human development. wad put one over created a giant system that categorizes people and groups into classes. These classes are then broken down into subdivisions for peoples placement in the world, and everyones eyes. Stereotyping has plow so prevalent in every persons thoughts that we now base everything we do on it. We base business, home, and social life on a stereotypical setting that doesnt need to be present in life.In Dont Let Stereotypes Warp Your Judgments, Robert Heilbroner states that, Stereotyping is one way in which we define the world in order to see it. This statement proposes points that people dont just see people anymore, but the stereotype class they put them in. Stereotypes that pop in the business atmosphere are the most prevalent to see. Some of these typecasts are women in the workplace in certain jobs and the type of job they gutter accomplish or gain with their level of schooling completed. Women are not stereotypically recognized by men to hold high positions in a company. Women could view the same capabilities and maybe even higher qualifications than a man going for the same position, but men label women to be less qualified and have less of a reputation in order to be head of a company. However, this is not true. We need to eliminate the labeling of women. I believe that peoples education should and have no bearing on what everyone can accomplish in a w...

The Invisible Black Cowboys :: American America History

The Invisible Black Cowboys For many Americans, the image of the beef man evokes pleasant nostalgia of a time kaput(p) by, when cowboys roamed free. The Cowboy is, to many Americans, the ideal American, who was quick to the draw, well skilled in his vocation, and yet minded his own business. Regardless of whether the mental picture that the word cowboy evokes is a correct or incorrect view of the vocation, one seldom views cowboys as being black. The first cowboy I met was from Texas and was black. After he told me that he was a cowboy, I told him that he had to be kidding. Unfortunately, I was not totally to blame for my inability to recognize that color has nothing to do with the cowboy profession most(prenominal) if not all common famous images of cowboys are white. In general, even today, blacks are excluded from the popular depiction of famous Westerners. Black cowboys were unheard of for more or less a century after they made their mark on the cattle herding trade, not be cause they were insignificant, but because history fell victim to prejudice, and forgot peoples of color in popular depictions of the West and Western history. Black Americans were in the West with Lewis and Clark, but this was never seen or published until the 19th century (Ravage 26). calcium was the section of the west that most blacks settled in before the Civil War. The largest concentration of blacks in the state was in Sacramento County, mainly because of the gold rush. Blacks would ride trade ships to the west chute and then desert, if they were slaves, or leave the ship, if they were free men, to settle there (Savage 12). Examples of early black settlers were two ex-slaves named Bob and Kanaska who came to San Diego in 1816 on the schooner Albatross. Thomas Fisher came to California around 1818 but was captured by pirates in Monterey that year. Another Fisher came to California in 1846 while serving on a whaling ship (Savage 13) Though nowadays from the initial discovery of the West, blacks entered the West in earnest after 1850. Between 1850 and 1910, thousands of African Americans, lured by the promise of land, opportunity, and most importantly, racial justice migrated to the trans-Mississippi West (African Americans). This not bad(p) migration occurred shortly after the civil war, as thousands of blacks moved West because they were unwanted in the North or South (Dick 30).

The Invisible Black Cowboys :: American America History

The Invisible Black Cowboys For many Americans, the image of the cowman evokes pleasant nostalgia of a time asleep(p) by, when cowboys roamed free. The Cowboy is, to many Americans, the ideal American, who was quick to the draw, well skilled in his traffic, and yet minded his own business. Regardless of whether the mental picture that the word cowboy evokes is a correct or incorrect view of the vocation, one seldom views cowboys as being black. The first cowboy I met was from Texas and was black. After he told me that he was a cowboy, I told him that he had to be kidding. Unfortunately, I was not totally to blame for my inability to recognize that color has nothing to do with the cowboy profession some if not all everyday famous images of cowboys are white. In general, even today, blacks are excluded from the popular depiction of famous Westerners. Black cowboys were unheard of for intimately a century after they made their mark on the cattle herding trade, not because they wer e insignificant, but because history fell victim to prejudice, and forgot peoples of color in popular depictions of the West and Western history. Black Americans were in the West with Lewis and Clark, but this was never seen or published until the 19th century (Ravage 26). atomic number 20 was the section of the west that most blacks settled in before the Civil War. The largest concentration of blacks in the state was in Sacramento County, mainly because of the gold rush. Blacks would ride trade ships to the west gliding and then desert, if they were slaves, or leave the ship, if they were free men, to settle there (Savage 12). Examples of early black settlers were two ex-slaves named Bob and Kanaska who came to San Diego in 1816 on the schooner Albatross. Thomas Fisher came to California around 1818 but was captured by pirates in Monterey that year. Another Fisher came to California in 1846 while serving on a whaling ship (Savage 13) Though bear from the initial discovery of the West, blacks entered the West in earnest after 1850. Between 1850 and 1910, thousands of African Americans, lured by the promise of land, opportunity, and most importantly, racial justice migrated to the trans-Mississippi West (African Americans). This capital migration occurred shortly after the civil war, as thousands of blacks moved West because they were unwanted in the North or South (Dick 30).

Children’s Literature Essay

It is hard to imagine a cosmos without books for children. Ever since there were children, there has been childrens lit termry productions too. There have been childrens stories and folk-tales when man first learned to speak. Childrens books, however, are a late growth of literature. Miss Yonge says, Up to the Georgian era there were no books at all for children or the poor, excepting the class-books containing old ballads and short tales. We shall nevertheless see that there were English books for children coarse before this time.In Hesperian Europe, there was no separate category of books for children before the eighteenth century. The Bible, stories of saints and martyrs, and bestiaries or books close exotic animals, were probably the first printed books available to children. Childhood, as we think about it today, is a relatively new concept. Until the 17thcentury, children were thought of as small versions of adults and treated accordingly. In close to societies, children w ere a source of labor.There were some books (mostly for the children of wealthy families) even up before the invention of movable type by Gutenberg in 1455, but they were instructional in nature and were used to instill lessons of morality, manners, and religion.. With the rise of Puritanism in England advance(prenominal) in the seventeenth century, literature for children became moralistic. Seeing children as amoral savages needing to be taught right, society used stories filled with death and damnation to frighten children into good behavior. Humor and humor were banned.The Sunday School Movement of the late eighteenth and archaeozoic nineteenth centuries, which aimed at bringing religion to the working class, continued the didactic tone in the thousands of cheap tracts of simple stories distributed throughout England and the United States. Over the next centuries, there was a gradual shift in attitude toward children which was reflected in the reading significant produced fo r them. Hornbooks and chapbooks appeared, still designed to instruct, but some included woodcut illustrations in addition to ABCs and religious lessons.The most famous and prolific publisher for children of the eighteenth century was John Newbery. He published books which were immediately attractive to children in a small format, with illustrations, and bound in brightly-coloured flowered paper. In the 18th and early nineteenth centuries, Robin Hood, Mother Goose tales, Robinson Crusoe, and Gullivers Travels were published and were the most attractive to the world of a childs imagination. A Visit from St. Nicholas by Clement C. Moore was published in 1823 and was one of the first works to introduce humor and laughter into the world of childrens literature.The Victorian era was a deluxe age for childrens books. Victorian family life is realistically depicted in Louisa May Alcotts Little Women (1868), whereas Mark Twains Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and Robert Louis Stevensons Tr easure Island (1880) emphasize adventure all three books present fully developed characters. At the turn of the century several childrens magazines were being published, the most important being the St. Nicholas Magazine (18871943). It was also the time of classic books , such as Alice in Wonderland, and large illustrators Kate Greenaway, Edward Lear, and Howard Pyle to mention a few.In the middle of the 19th century, there were major changes in illustrations of books. Until then, wood engraving was the norm with the development of chromolithography, which permitted printing in many colors, the world of book illustration changed dramatically. Great writers teamed with great illustrators to produce the books. The industrial revolution led to advances in printing which made books colorful, affordable, and plentiful. The growing middle class, with its increased interest in education, expanded the audience for childrens books.Walter Crane, whose work is highlighted in this exhibit, was a British artist and one of the first people to use the new printing techniques to bring color and design techniques into the world of childrens literature. The twentieth century continued a publishing industry for young people with adventure stories, series books like the barefaced Boys and Nancy Drew, science fictionalisation and fantasy. During the 20th cent. in particular, new collections of tales that reach back to the oral roots of literature have come from Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean.International folktales have also received change magnitude attention. Among the many authors pursuing these themes, Verna Aardema compiles African folktales and Yoko Kawashima Watkins studies Asian oral traditions. During the 1980s and 90s in particular, multicultural concerns became an important aspect of the new realistic tradition in childrens literature. From the 1960s through the 90s socially relevant childrens books have appeared, treating subjects like death, drugs, sex, u rban crisis, discrimination, the environment, and womens liberation.Recent years have brought books of children related to movies and commercial products from Disney to thaumaturge Wars as well as the psychologically-oriented young adult novel. The great scientific and societal changes of the early twentieth century had a great influence on the adventure story. The exploits of the World War I fliers replaced the cowboy and big game hunter in the dreams of young boys. Many of these adventure stories were published in long series, written by different writers all using the same name.The best known was the Stratemeyer Literary Syndicate which produced such series as the Rover Boys, the Hardy Boys, Tom Swift, the Bobbsey Twins, and Nancy Drew between 1906 and 1984. Maurice Sendak and Chris Van Allsburg are two important and contemporary childrens book author who publish their stories todays. Bibliographyh Hunt, Peter, (1995), Childrens Literature An illustrated history, Oxford Universi ty Press. Cullingford , Cedric, (1998), Childrens Literature and its Effects, Cassel E. Gavin, Adrienne, (2001), Mystery in Childrens Literature.From the Rational to the Supernatural, Palgrave Publishers Ltd Lerer, Seth, (2008), Childrens Literature A Readers History from Aesop to Harry Potter, University of Chicago Press. Lynch-brown, Carol, (2010), Essentials of childrens literature, Pearson OMalley, Andrew, (2003), The Making of the late Child Childrens Literature in the Late Eighteenth Century F. Touponce, William, Childrens Literature and the Pleasures of the Text, From Childrens Literature Association Quarterly, Volume 20, Number 4, winter 1995, pp. 175-182

Advertising & Sales Promotion on Cement Industry

ASSIGNMENT ADVERTISING & SALES PROMOTION CEMENT INDUSTRY PROF. ANAND DESAI SATISHKUMAR BIRADAR history no 07 (MMM IV) The cement manufacturing has come a long way since 1914 when the first cement plant was set up at Porbandar. In the past, the governments formula re severeed the growth of the Indian cement industry. The removal of these controls resulted in rapid progress in terms of new capacity creation and higher production. As of March 2012, the country had an installed cement capacity of around 325-330 million tonnes with most of the capacities being added only during the last decade. Evolution of the cement industry The cement industry is ace of Indias core sectors. The countrys first cement plant was set up in Porbandar, Gujarat in 1914. Earlier, the government regulated the industry with licensing, determine and distri thoion controls. A gradual removal of these controls resulted in rapid capacity creation. Following this, the country deceased from a cement scarcity situation to a surplus position. As of March 2012, the pan India total installed cement capacity stood at around325-330 million tonnes. Currently, India is the second-largest producer of cement in the world.The evolution of the cement industry in India can be broadly divided into three periods the period of total government control (up to 1982), the period of partial liberalize (1982 to 1989) and the period of total decontrol (after 1989). Period of total government control Events during the period of government control This period marked the beginning of cement industry where government, with an intention to promote the sector, exercised strict control over the industry. It set out production limits, price as vigorous as the distribution channels that should be employed to sell cement.This was aimed at ensuring fair prices to producers and consumers across the country, thus reducing regional imbalances. The fixed price at which producers would sell cement was based on the cost o f production of cement throughout the country plus a marginal profit. This price contained a encumbrance component that was averaged over the country as a whole. If the actual freight component of a manufacturer was lower than that included in the reproducible price, producers had to pass on the amount to the pool sum, representing the difference between the uniform price freight component and the freight costs incurred by them.On the other hand, if the actual freight incidence was higher than the freight element accounted for in the uniform price, producers were reimbursed the difference. This freight pooling system encouraged producers to set up manufacturing plants across the country. Before this system, the industry was concentrated in the eastern part of the country where accesses to raw materials were readily available. However, a drawback of this system was the lack of incentive to producers to minimise costs since they would be reimbursed by the uniform pricing system.As a result, the average cost of production as well as demand for scarce railway capacity adjoind. Period of partial government decontrol Events during the period of partial decontrol On account of inefficiencies of the uniform price system, the government introduced a system of partial decontrol in 1982. A bill quota of 66. 6 per cent for sales to the government was imposed on existing units while for new and sick units the quota was lowered to 50 per cent. The balance 33. 4 per cent could be sold in the open market to normal consumers.A ceiling price was set for sales in the open market to protect consumers from unreasonable high pricing. During this period, cement producers were able to earn profits from the levy sale to government at fixed prices. But for the non-levy sales, profits decreased as there was a sudden increase in cement issue in the open market which led to greater competition among the manufacturers. During this period, the government gradually reduced the levy qu ota and increased retention pricesin order toincrease the profitability on sales in the open market.Period of total decontrol Events post decontrol In 1989, the government removed all price and distribution controls. The system of freight pooling was scrapped and a subsidy scheme, to ensure availability of cement at reasonable prices in remote and hilly regions, was implemented. This opened up opportunities in the industry and was marked by huge investments in the coming years. Industry structure As of March 2012, the total installed cement capacityin India stood at approximately325-330 million tonnes.The industry can be broadly classified into pan-India, regional and standalone players. Pan-India players include large players like Holcim group companies- ACC and Ambuja and Aditya Birla group company- UltraTech cementum (including Samruddhi Cement). Companies of two these groups ar adding capacities through either greenfield or brownfield expansions. Players whose presence is rest ricted to one or two regions, with a stronghold in the markets of their respective operations are included in the category of regional players.Key examples of players included in this segment are Jaiprakash Associates (North and Central), Lafarge (concentrated in the East), India Cement (South), Shree Cement (North), Binani Cement (North), Kesoram Industries (South),Chettinad Cement (South), Dalmia Cement (South), Madras Cement (South) etc. Players like Panyam Cement, Penna Cement, etc, are concentratedand operationalin few states within a region. Owing to their largely local reach, these players are classified as standalone players. Industry structure as of March 2012Industry status Theres something about walls and advertising. Its ironic, really. On the one hand, you have telecom carry Airtel public lecture of acquireing down walls (Deewarein Gir Jaati Hain), while on the other, you have Ambuja Cement talking of unbreakable walls (Yeh Deewaar Nahin Tootegi). Obviously, the cont ext is vastly different in the two cases, but one cant help but notice the strikingly opposite thoughts, executed along similar lines. The demolition talks in progress Boy, fitful Bulldozer fails The stumped builder Rejoicing children Ambuja Cement. Yeh Deewaar nahin tootegi A new television commercial (TVC) for Ambuja Cement, created by Grey Worldwide, revolves around the story of a wall that doesnt break, season with an emotional (almost humanitarian) twist. The TVC opens on a shot of the caretaker of an orphanage introducing the children to a Mr Choksi. She tells them that Choksi is going to build a hotel on the site of the orphanage. At this point, a little male child says to Choksi, Sir, par last time but he is shushed by an older boy. The following morning, the heartless Choksi arrives with bulldozer in tow. At his signal, the bulldozer delivers a regent(postnominal) blow on the building, but is unable to bring it down. The little boy tries to explain again, but is s topped midway again by the elder one. Choksi tries his best, but is not able to demolish the orphanage. As he wonders about the strength of the building, the little boy says, Arre sir, last time bhi yeh deewar nahin tooti thi (Sir, even last time, this wall could not be broken down). As a disappointed Choksi leaves with his men, the children and their caretaker start dancing in joy, and the voiceover concludes, Ambuja Cement. Yeh Deewaar Nahin Tootegi. For the longest time ever, Ambuja has been harping on its giant compressive strength proposition the brand even created the visual of a giant and then a broken hammer. Perhaps its most memorable ad was the one involving two estranged brothers seek to break down the wall that runs between their houses (Bhai Bhai, featuring Boman Irani, which was released six years ago).After that humorous attempt, came some ads which presented the brand in a sentimental vein (the Dadi ad), a move that Vivek Deshpande, Ambuja Cements vice-president fo r brand and promotions, agrees was sort of disastrous, so much so that the Bhai Bhai ad was recalled. Our new ad is a correction of this, he says, adding that the brand pass on now strike a balance between emotion and humour. The new film clearly explores a situation where a wall should not break for the right reasons.Priti Nair, national creative director, Grey Worldwide, says that the strength of the wall was juxtaposed with the strength of character of the orphanage caretaker and the children. Cement is a low involving category, says Nair. So, the children element and the a good deal used Bollywood type plot (victory of good over evil) were added to understand the ad more entertaining. Nair and her team wanted to stay away from the stereotypical milavat (adulteration) type ads for cement, or even those involving big buildings and pride of ownership. We wanted to show the victory of the underdogs, she explains.The ad has been directed by Abhinay Deo of Ramesh Deo Productions, who says that the film had to strike a perfect pathos-humour balance. Interestingly, the initial opinion was to show that the kids are also surprised when the wall doesnt crack. But we ruled that out, Deo says, because the innocence of a small boy trying desperately to make the big, bad builder understand what his predecessors couldnt do, would add to the fun element. Another older child warning him to stay quiet in a rather knowing fashion builds the suspense, he grins.

Retail Merchandising And In Store Operations Fashion Essay

IntroductionMany companies have acknowledged that bettering their grass over layout they will be able to join on their figure of blunt r raseues per squ ar pes. Even the architecture of a bring out bum take to an addition in clear revenues. Within the scab layout selling scheme, there argon a figure of contrary facets to take into consideration such as architecture, fink atmosphere and localization principle, ocular selling and most signifi whoremastertly the unwrap layout.Ocular selling can be anything from the unwrap windowpane show to hive away atmosphere, all of these artifacts are put into action when companies wish to increase their gross revenues per form pes.There are both positive and negative ways in which a alteration to a shop layout can increase the gross revenues per square pes for a company, as beca role of this legion actions must be considered before a company drastically adjustments their layout.Executive SummaryThe intent of this study was to resea rch how shop layouts and betterments to a shop can increase the gross revenues per square pes. Store layout and ocular selling are two of import factors that add to the peculiarity of a shop. The interior design of the shop plays a to a greater extent critical role as show on Indian MBA ( 2008 ) .Besides mentioned on Indian MBA ( 2008 ) Space is ever an heightsly overpriced and scarce resource. Retailers try to maximise the return on gross revenues per square foot. This is the best stylus to depict why sell merchants see the inside of their shop as the best manner in which they can increase these gross revenues per square pes. There are assorted oddballs of shop layouts which retail merchants would see to increase their gross revenues per square pes.This study will analyze and research how retail design, shop layout and ocular selling can assist increase gross revenues per square pes, by the usage of research into trade publications every number good as refreshfulspapers and other beginnings. Besides in this study, illustrations of shops that have successfully managed to increase their gross revenues per square pes will be mentioned.FindingssRetail architecture is a critical mechanism in the map of market intermediation. Retail architecture is defined as those market spaces that affect the relationship between supply and demand. Architecture can straight exemplify some shops societal meanings of retail relationships its ferociousness every bit good as its heat, and its societal category. For illustration Harrods has a high degree of retail architecture, as it is non merely a tourer attractive force callable to its external historical architecture but it similarly denotes people s societal category as people who are of a higher societal position or societal category would be most likely to shop at Harrods. freedom the British section shop has a high degree of grasp for its edifices history, as Creative Director Tamara Salman of vesture trade name Libe rty of London adds to her aggregation the shops extraordinary 130 twelvemonth heritage. Liberty shop is able to construct upon their heritage to guarantee that they increase their gross revenues per square pes figure. With being such a strong and historical shop it is difficult for many spic-and-span and approaching companies to be able to triumph such a strong autumn back for change magnitude gross revenues.However, retail shop layouts are of import determiners of client behavior. UK manner retail merchants are able to garner critical information sing their mark consumers which in felon enable them to make insides which successful attract these groups.In the context of the shop layout, time-poor and extremely nomadic consumers require different infinites than shoppers who at leisure shop at price reductions, and selectively during gross revenues periods at assorted phases in the concern rhythm. Besides, gender differences in shopping can warrant rather specific alterations to m anner shop formats and infinite allotment.Shop layouts and the ware offered are matched to the targeted consumers to the extent that clients buy into branding statements. It is of import that the retail merchant additions a positive reaction to the new layout of its ware within the shop as a negative reaction would so do gross revenues to diminish.To guarantee that a company is utilizing the right type of shop layout, the retail merchant would look into their ain shop layout analysis. Within a shop layout analysis, careful consideration is given to the merchandises being sold and their location this can in like manner be seen as basic psychological science used to lure clients to pass more money normally through heartbeat purchasing.Retailers can besides increase their fight by closely aiming and carry throughing their clients demands. Tauber ( 1972 ) hypothesised three grounds for shopping personal motivations, societal motivations and impulse purchasing. Making consumer mir th involves presenting quality merchandises that meet their demands and is core in extremely competitory environments.The allotment of infinite within any shop can be on the primer coat of many factors such as historical gross revenues, day-to-day mean gross revenues, net incomes, borders, industry norms and strategic grounds. A shop layout must besides include infinite for indispensable maps such as stock list, client service desks and altering suites.For any retail merchant to hold success in increasing their gross revenues per square pes, the must look at a figure of facets such as their fixtures and adjustments, colorss of the shop inside, lighting, and window shows.Shop insides are designed in a manner which influences consumer behavior which is referred to as Ocular Merchandising. Company ocular merchants control the usage of equipment, shows, colorss, lights, music, atmosphere and floor direction within a shop.MusicsMusic can be used to increase gross revenues per square pes s, as music sets the tone of the environment within the shop and as peoples tempers change throughout the class of the twenty-four hours it is indispensable to besides hold music which reflects the temper of the clients. Music which is played during the forenoon should be high energy ground as clients have tonss of energy and this would intend that a company would hold more people coming in and buying points during the forenoon hours. Music during the good afternoon should be more laid-back as peoples energy degrees are diminishing and they are more loath to shop through the shop looking for their precious points compared to those in the forenoon. Similarly to the forenoon during early eventide hours, clients respond better to somewhat more up-tempo vocals. Retailers should besides take into consideration their mark consumers when make up ones minding on what type of music they should hold playing in their shops.Coloring secularColour is another factor that can lure clients into s hopping at a specific shop, coloring literal is immediate, emotional and memorable. Colours conveying out emotions and feelings automatically to clients, therefore it is indispensable to retail merchants to acquire the right coloring material balance for their shop.The coloring material blue is seen as a natural component, but it is besides connected with trust and stableness, hence retail merchant who use blue within their interior design in informing clients that they are trusty and apprehensible every bit good as confident.The coloring material viridity is found to be a successful coloring material when linked to hygiene and beauty, which is the chief coloring material for the company Body Shop. all told Body Shop foreparts are green and have some signifier of a green coloring material within their inside. The Body Shop besides consists of natural colorss and forests doing clients experience a sense of freshness, good health, juvenility and the coloring material viridity can be sides be linked to money.Colorss within the lofty class can be linked to the emotion or sense of royalty, high life and religious. Again the shop Liberty nexus purple into their company in the usage of their web site, correspondence every bit good as their company gift bags, this enables their clients to go forth the shop with a sense of luxury which besides makes them more likely to come and buy from Liberty once more.Fixtures and AdjustmentsWithin any retail shop, the fixtures and adjustments are another cardinal component to increasing gross revenues per square pes. For shelves, oculus degree and somewhat above is the best place to sell garments from, as coloring material of the garment can occlusive clients eyes doing them halt to look at the point.Displaies should be kept simple, and have a subject to them. It is besides effectual to include the merchandises in usage or as a aggregation which can be paired up e.g. in Primark or Marks and Spencers, many points of dressing a p aired together such as shirts are sectioned with pants, skirts and sport jackets as this enables the consumer to see what the point will look like paired with something else, this besides shows that they do non hold far to travel to obtain a matching jacket for a work skirt. Besides in Primark, places are normally opposite the formal or concern wear but situated closely to accoutrements such as pocketbooks and bags once more this is done so that the consumer does nt hold really far to go in order to finish the outfit they required.It is besides of import to hold impulse points which are normally located near to the boulder claies so that clients are more likely to buy these along with their inital shopping, this could be anything from socks to lip rubrics.Window showBright and colorful window shows can do the company shop window stand out from other rivals, nevertheless the usage of excessively many colorss can do the shop expression inexpensive and put clients off locomotion into the shop. The lighting used within a shop forepart should be bright as this makes it more attractive and appealing to go throughing clients.A shop window is an ideal manner of pulling new and bing clients as you can utilize a shop window to construct the company image, showcase new reachings every bit good as merchandises that are in high demand. Window shows should be changed often to maintain mark clients and new clients interested in the company, and to do them halt and buy something. The section shop Selfridges is the most competent shop for their window shows as each window can state a different narrative based on whatever theme possibly inspirational at the clip. As Selfridges window show tells a shop more and more clients are intrigued to cognize what it is approximately and where they can happen the points shown in the window, this is how Selfridges additions an addition in their gross revenues per square pes.LightingProper illuming can increase gross revenues by up to 20 % , hence all retail merchants will profit from utilizing the best bulbs possible when updating their shop layout. In 2010, John Lewis changed their shop lighting as the dim illuming which was antecedently in shop caused consumers to be less likely to pass money as dim lighting can do clients to experience tired.Retailers should do usage of topographic point visible radiations, as these can be used to foreground cardinal countries or even cardinal merchandises which may be committee based, therefore the more sold, the more money the company makes.DecisionAs mentioned throughout this study, companies need to selectively make up ones mind which options will be best for them to be able to increase the gross revenues per square pess as the initial reaction of the clients to a new shop layout is the make up ones minding factor as to whether the company will aim more clients or lose clients as a consequence.Companies should pay close attention to the information they already poses about t heir clients and utilize this to their advantage, they should besides be cognizant of their rivals so that they are able to ever be one measure in front, hiking gross revenues as they go.

Jack Fruit Seed Spread

historic BackgroundA fan out is a regimen that is spread with a knife onto bread, crackers, or former(a) bread produces. Spreads are added to bread mathematical overlaps to provide scent and texture, and are an integral part of the dish they should be distinguished from condiments, which are optional additions. Spreads should overly be distinguished from dips, which do not employ a knife in applying it to crackers or chips. (en. wikipedia. org) Butter is a dairy product made by churning fresh or fermented cream or milk.It is gener entirelyy employ as a spread and a condiment, as well as in cooking applications, such as baking, sauce making, and goat god frying. Butter consists of butterfat, water and milk proteins. Most frequently made from cows milk, butter can also be manufactured from the milk of other mammals, including sheep, goats, buffalo, and yaks. Salt, tanginessings and preservatives are sometimes added to butter. Rendering butter produces clarified butter or gh ee, which is al closely entirely butterfat. (en. wikipedia. org) The proponents foc hires on making Jack harvesting seed butter that will be fat and demandable by the consumers in the mere future.This engage will prove and give back unused ideas to the industry that we can use different ingredients or raw materials in producing spic-and- thwart products. The jackfruit has played a significant role in Indian agriculture for centuries. Archeological findings in India have revealed that jackfruit was cultivated in India three hundred0 to 6000 years ago. Findings also indicate that Indian Emperor Ashoka the Great (274237BC) encouraged arbori-horticulture of various fruits including jackfruit. Varahamihira, the Indian astronomer, mathematician, and astrologer, wrote a chapter on the treatment of trees in his Brhat Samhita.His treatise includes a specific reference on grafting to be performed on trees such as jackfruit. Jack fruit trees are seen in almost all areas of Kerala except blond areas. Maturing in 35-40 years, their wood can be used for furniture. The gum from this tree and jack fruit is used as a stopper for small holes of pots. No one turn ins the jackfruits place of origin but it is believed indigenous to the rainforests of the Western Ghats. It is cultivated at low elevations throughout India, Burma, Ceylon, southern China, Malaya, and the East Indies. It is common in the Philippines, two cultivated and naturalized.It is grown to a limited extent in Queensland and Mauritius. In Africa, it is often planted in Kenya, Uganda and former Zanzibar. Though planted in hello prior to 1888, it is still rare there and in other Pacific islands, as it is in most of tropical America and the West Indies. It was introduced into northern brazil-nut tree in the mid-19th Century and is more popular there and in Surinam than elsewhere in the New World. In Asia, jackfruits ripen principally from March to June, April to September, or June to August, depending on the climatic region, with some off-season crops from September to December, or a few fruits at other times of the year.In the West Indies, I have seen many ripening in June in Florida, the season is late summer and fall. The seeds, which appeal to all tastes, may be boiled or roasted and eaten, or boiled and pre arranged in sirup like chestnuts. They have also been successfully canned in brine, in curry, and, like baked beans, in tomato sauce. They are often include in curried dishes. Roasted, dried seeds are ground to deal flour which is blended with wheat flour for baking. (http//www. hort. purdue. du) The researchers thought that instead of throwing the seeds and making it a waste, they decide to make this spread using the seeds of a jack fruit as a main ingredient to produce this product. Aside from that these seeds contain and give the essential nutrients that our consistency needs. In preparing this product different utensils and materials are ask. Make sure your utensils are washed properly. It is best to use hot soapy water to clean the food for thought processor, and the pan where peanuts are in contact with. Do the same with the mixing cups and, storage containers.The demand of sandwich spread in the market is gradually increase because of the continuous increase in population, thats why this product will certainly fulfill the demand of the consumers. Even there are a stage set of competitors in the sector the proponents believe that the consumers will buy these crackings because it is nutritious and affordable. The proponents believe that producing this product will benefit many people and will succor the food industry. One of its major beneficiaries is the consumers, the government, competitors, and other investors that are more focused in the food industry.Statement of the Problems . merchandise Aspect1. 1 What are the promotional st come ingies should be implemented to take out customers?1. 2 Is there a demand for the product?2. Managem ent Aspect2. 1 What is the organizational form of the pipeline organisation?2. 2 How many employees unavoidable in pose up this business?3. Technical Aspect3. 1 Where is the appropriate location in putting up the business?3. 2 Who are the possible providers of the materials need for the business?4. Financial Aspect4. 1 How much would be the total capital needed to establish the business?4. 2 How long will the business recover its investing?5. Socio Economic Aspect5.1 What are the possible contributions of the business in the national and local economy?5.2 What are the changes that may occur in the economy?Objective of the Study1. Marketing Aspect1. 1 To get the promotional strategies to be used to attract customers.1. 2 To evaluate the status of supply and demand.2. Management Aspect2. 1 To be able to know the form of business or type of ownership to be applied in this study.2. 2 To identify how many employees to be needed.3. Technical Aspect3. 1 To understand the ideal loc ation of the business.3. 2 To identify the suppliers of the business.4. Financial Aspect4. 1 To know how much will be the starting capital.4. 2 To know how long the enthronisation to be recover.5. Socio Economic Aspect5. 1 To determine the contribution of these study in national and local economy.5. 2 To know the changes in the economy.Significance of the StudyThe project will give a great benefit to the followingTo the customer, by providing a new product, that gives a variety of choices.To other competitors, it gives them new thoughts and ideas in the food industry.To the local government, a new provider of income through paying taxes.To the students, it gives them idea in making their own products in their study. Scope and Limitation This study focuses mainly to produce jack fruit seed butter and would not be extent to concern about the other spread products. This study yet includes market, technical, management, financial, and other socio-economic aspects of the project. The s tudy will only focus on using jack fruit seed because the proponents have intractable to make jack fruit seed butter as its initial product. The study covers a relevant range of exploration about the viability of the product.To gather the needed information, the target respondents, who are the selected customers, and the distributors of the jack fruit seed butter, were asked through aspect questioners. Due prudence in making assumption and decision are observed so that the study will re depict the real capacity of the prospected business. With all these merits, still this study will be affected by unforeseen and un correspondlable circumstances and changes occurring in the near future. Government taxes, inflation, peso devaluation, and the condition of the hoidenishs economy will likely change the result of the study.Though it is geared with efficiencies, its effectiveness depends also in those that are judge to arise in the environment. suppositional definition of Terms jacka ss. is a species of tree in the mulberry family (Moraceae), which is native to parts of Southern and Southeast Asia. (www. wikipedia. org) A tropical tree with large ovate fruit, the yellow flesh and seeds of which is edible. (Dictionary) diddly Seeds. which appeal to all tastes, may be boiled or roasted and eaten, or boiled and preserved in syrup like chestnuts. (www. hort. purdue. edu) Spread. is a food that is spread with a knife onto bread, crackers, or other bread products. www. wikipedia. org) rubbing mill. is a unit operation designed to breakage a solid material into smaller pieces. (www. wikipedia. org) Is a tool used to crush solid material unto powder or small pieces. (Dictionary) Mixer. is a kitchen thingamabob intended for mixing, folding, beating, and whipping food ingredients. (www. wikipedia. org) Machine or device used for mixing. (Dictionary) Plastic bottle. is a bottle constructed of plastic, with a neck that is narrower than its body and an opening at the to p. (www. wikipedia. org) Plastic hollow necked container use for holding liquids. (Dictionary) Cooking oil. s purified fat of plant origin, which is usually liquid at room temperature. (www. wikipedia. org) Use in cooking.It is usually thick liquid that will not mix with water. (Dictionary) Operation definition of terms Jackfruit. this is where the researchers get their main ingredients. Jackfruit Seeds. this is the main ingredients of the product. Spread. this is the product of the researchers Grinding mill. this is used by the researchers to grind the raw ingredients Mixer. this is where the researchers mixed the ingredients. Plastic bottle. this is where the researchers put the product. Cooking oil. his is used by the proponents on roasting the product.Chapter II MARKETING ASPECTMarket StudyThis chapter of the study tackles and discusses the different aspects that must be considered in entering and taking up business. The computation and analysis of demand, supply, demand gap, su pply gap, and projected sales that will help to determine the viability of the study. Implementing effective marketing strategies and programs are also included in this chapter to penetrate the target consumers that are patronizing the product. The research method of gathering entropy and information is also discussed in this chapter.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to identify the market feasibility of the said business. This section has the following objectives1. To determine the demand for the product.2. To identify the toll of the product to be sold.3. To determine the promotional strategies and programs to attract consumer.4. To identify the market gap.Research Methodology Survey questionnaires for gathering information are distributed to respondents located in Tanauan City, Batangas majorly in Barangay Sambat and Poblacion areas where the factory is nearly located. Taste test was also used by the researchers to gain some information and feedbacks.Subject of the Study T he proponents conducted this study to provide additional endurance and taste to the increasing needs of spread in the market. JFS Spread is made available in the potential market of Tanauan City, Batangas to have a new flavor in the spread industry that will surely benefit the consumers. Data Gathering Instrument The descriptive method of research is being employed in this study. It is also used in order to answer questions concerning the current status of the subject of the study and the collection of data to formulate and test hypothesis.Descriptive method is the most appropriate method to meet the purpose of the researchers. The use of questionnaires as a research instrument for gathering information from the respondents and interview guide are used for competitors information and data. Data Gathering Procedures The set of questionnaire was distributed by the researcher to gather some information that will help the researchers to have a guide for the product. 15 questions are gi ven to the respondents of the study. The percentage of question no. 1 answers the question on how many consumers are taking sandwich spread.The following questions are to determine on what kind of product that is most likely by the consumer. The projection of the demand and supply are based on question no. 3 and 15. Through taste test, the researchers gain some feedback and commented regarding the product and its appeals to them. Statistical Treatment of Data Statistical Data In order to compute for the sample surface and have a reliable results in gathering data, Solvins Formula was used. n=N / (1 + Ne? ) 23469 n= 1 + 23469 (. 05) ? n=393. 30 dodge 1 Population of the Study Year Population 2011 24098 2012 24744 2013 25407 2014 26088 2015 26787 The proponents will provide the demand for the product in Tanauan City, Batangas majorly in Barangay Sambat and Poblasyon areas that have a growth rate of 2. 68% annually. necessity take in refers to a consumers desire of a product or service with the consumers availability to purchase.Quantity demand is the total amount of such level-headed desire in a given market with reference to a given commodity at a certain price. diachronic Demand Historical Demand is the subprogram of people that consumes spread during the past years. This is based to the researchers gathered information using the question Do you take sandwich spread? which was 90. 84% positively answered by the respondents. evade 2 Historical Demand (nearest to 220g bottles) Year Historical Demand 2005 18876 2006 19395 2007 19930 2008 20478 2009 20799 Major gipsumers of the Product JFS Spread will provide thedemand for the product in Tanauan City, Batangas majorly in Barangay Sambat and Poblacion areas. These areas became the major consumers of the researchers due to its location which is near the factory.Knowing the culture of the people in the said location and having a low product cost, get power of consumers would not be a factor in a vailing the product. Products will be distributed through retail during the first few years of its operation. Projected Demand Table 3 Projected Demand (nearest to 220g bottles) Year list Projected Demand of Projected Demand 2011 1598736 2012 1641588 2013 1685580 2014 1730748 2015 1777128 Table 4 Relationship of Historical Demand and emerge Year Population of the Study Historical Demand Historical Supply 2005 24098 18876 6336 2006 24744 19395 9792 2007 25407 19930 10368 2008 26088 20478 13824 2009 26787 20799 14688 Table 5 Relationship of Projected Demand and Projected Supply Year Population of the Study 2011 24098 2012 24744 2013 25407 2014 26088 2015 26787 Supply Supply refers to the total number of good or services that are available in the market place. Historical Supply Historical Supply is the total quantity of products that are sold during the past few years. The researchers gather this data through interviewing and asking the differ ent supper markets, bakeshops, and other leading suppliers located in Tanauan City, Batangas. Table 6 Historical Supply (nearest 220ml bottles) Year Supply 2005 6336 2006 9792 2007 10368 2008 13824 2009 14688 Competitors JFS Spread is categorized under spread products and there qualification be a lot of indirect competitors like Mayonnaise, Cheezwiz, and Leaver Spread, JFS Spread is have its confidence to compete having its own benefits and uniqueness.One of its major competitors is the Peanut Butter which is highly demandable by the consumers. Projected Supply Table 7 Projected Supply (nearest 220g bottles) Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Projected Supply and Demand Analysis Market Share Table 8 Projected Market Share Marketing Analysis Gross market acceptability rate Gross market acceptability share is the number or percentage of consumers that will accept our market product. Total Market Acceptability Gros s market acceptability rate= Total sample sizing 279 =x 100 393 = 71% To compute for the net market acceptability = GMAR Conservatism = 71% 20% = 51% Marketing MixThe marketing mix also known as the 4 Ps of Marketing, is the combination of product, price, place, and promotion. Product JFS Spread is categorized as healthy spreads that will provide new taste in the spread industry. Product brand name is derived from the name of main ingredient which is Jackfruit Seed. It is rich in protein, vitamin C and A which are good for our health and for pith sight. The need for the product is to satisfy the basic need of the consumer. The consumers are becoming conscious with what are the benefits that they can get from the product. It is expected to change the conventional spread. The product weight is 220g per bottle. The product addresses to the need of alternative for peanut butter that have many beneficial.The Jackfruit seeds help lower prodigal pressure because of its high special K content. This will give a great competitive opportunity to the sandwich spreads industry. pic double 1 JFS Spread Label Place The researchers choose to establish the business at Barangay Sambat Tanauan City, Batangas. It is located along the high course going to Calabarzon and the supplier of raw materials are said to be near the said location. Shellane, Shell, and Vispo plastic store which serve as the primary supplier of 220g bottle located in Tanauan City Public Market. There is also an easy access to the road and Calabarzon going to Lipa where the supplier of Jackfruit seed is located. PromotionJFS spread, having a unique characteristics and unique ingredients it triggers the consumers to easily recognize the product these advantages was noted and perform different marketing strategies to highly compete with other competitors.1. Product Demonstration Product demonstration will be done in public markets, super markets, and selected bakeshops where the products will be distribute d and available.2. Sampling and Taste running play The researchers implemented this strategy at the beginning of the operation to be introduced to the consumers. It may also help the product to be known.3. Posters, Banners and Leaflets Poster and banners will be post around the target areas. This strategy is done to inform those consumers who doesnt go to supper markets.4. Word of Mouth Word of mouth is said to be a way of passing information from one person to another that will be a big help in promoting a product. Having a product with good reputation will easily be known around the target area. Price Having a low cost of raw materials used, the price of the finished product would not be costly. Having this kind of advantage, the product will have a great advantage on its competitors.Chapter III TECHNICAL ASPECTThe Technical aspect is the parole of the basic and operational flow of the project. The technical aspect is one of the essentials of this tudy because this factor respon ds to the technicalities and basic structure of the proposed study. This includes the list of equipments, materials, structure plan and also the source of the supplies use in the proposed project. Business plans, promotion strategies, utilities, facilities, layout designs and location are included in this chapter. The Product JFS Spread is categorized as healthy spreads that will provide new taste in the spread industry. Product brand name is derived from the name of main ingredient which is Jackfruit Seed. It is rich in protein, vitamin C and A which are good for our health and for eye sight. The need for the product is to satisfy the basic need of the consumer.The consumers are becoming conscious with what are the benefits that they can get from the product. It is expected to change the conventional spread. The product weight is 220g per bottle. The product addresses to the need of alternative for peanut butter that have many beneficial. The Jackfruit seeds help lower blood pressu re because of its high potassium content. This will give a great competitive opportunity to the sandwich spreads industry. It is an excellent energy food that helps to prevent constipation, obesity and contains a small amount of fats. This may also help to prevent and treat tension and nervousness It can also help cure ulceration and indigestion.Figure 2 Manufacturing Process Table 9 Raw Materials Ingredients 220g Jackfruit Seed 105g Sugar 84g Salt 1g Vegetable oil 30g Description of the ProcessA. Boil and roast the Jackfruit seed1. Boil the Jackfruit seed2. Roast the Jackfruit seed3. Allow the peanuts to cool after roasting.4. Remove seed coveringB. Add brown sugar, salt, and vegetable oil to form a mixture Jackfruit seed then is added with sugar, salt, and vegetable oil for the taste and form a mixture.C. Put all the mixed ingredients to a food processor1. compartmentalization is put to a food processor that will grind the Jackfruit seed.2. Mix it well to make the mixture sm oother.D. Quality Control Output is brought to the lineament control part for checking for validation.E. Bottle filling 220g bottle are filled with 220g of the mixture.F. Packaging and Labeling Bottle being field are passed to processing and finishing department for the packaging and labeling of the product.G. Quality control The last and final is checking of the finished product. Table 10 Raw Materials Requirement Materials Unit Requirements per batch Price per batch Jackfruit seed 105g Brown sugar 84g Vegetable oil 30g Salt 1g 220g bottle 1pc. Production Schedule Total number of weeks in a year 52 publication of working days in a week 6 (Mon. Sat. ) Total number of working days in a year 312 (526) Number of Legal Holidays 23 Total number of Production Days237 Production ConsumptionAverage production per day 200 (220 g bottle) Number of production days 237 Factory Equipment The researchers decided to use the following equipments like heavy duty stove, refrigerat or, saute pan, generator, stainless containers, weighing scale, electric blender, trolleys, pallet, mini truck, company vehicle, and fire extinguisher, to be used and needed in this manufacturing business. The equipment to be purchased as follow Table 11 Production Equipment peaks Description Quality Unit price Total price Life span Heavy duty stove Used for brewing of the ingredients 2 pcs. 1,800 3,600 5 yrs Saute pan Used for boiling and roasting of raw 6 pcs. five hundred 3,000 5 yrs materials Refrigerator For preservation of inventory 2 pcs. 5,000 10,000 56 yrs electric blender Used for food processing 4 pcs. 1,000 4,000 5 yrs Generator For soupcon power supply 1 pc. 15,000 15,000 10 yrs Fire extinguisher Used to secure safety in case of fire 4 pcs. 1,250 5,000 10 yrs unsoiled container Containers during production 8 pcs. 500 4,000 5 yrs Weighing scale For accurate measure of the materials 2 pcs. 2,000 4,000 1 yr. Trolley For easy transfer of objects 2 pcs. 60 0 1,200 5 yrs Pallet Product holder 10 pcs. 100 1,000 2 yrs Company vehicle For company service 1 pcs. 80,000 80,000 10 yrs Mini-truck For the purpose of delivery and getting of1 pc. 100,000 100,000 10 yrs raw materials furniture and Fixtures For making the workplace organized and well presented. The following furniture and fixtures will be needed. Table 12 Furniture and Fixtures Item Quality Unit price Total amount Life span Tables/ desk 3 pcs. 500 1,500 5 yrs Chairs 12 pcs. 75 900 5 yrs cream cabinet 2 pcs. 1,000 2,000 10 yrs Office EquipmentIn order for the business to operate with better facilities, the following office equipments are required. Table 13 Office Equipment Item Quality Unit price Total amount Life span Computer (desktop) 1 pc. 15,000 15,000 5 yrs. Telefax 1 pc. 3,000 3,000 10 yrs. Air Con 1 pc. 10,000 10,000 5 yrs Manufacturing Supplies Day to day operations of the business requires the following supplies Table 14 Production Supplies Item Quali ty Unit price Total amount Laboratory gown 6 pcs. 100 600 Gloves 6 pcs. 100 600 Rugs 12 pcs. 5 60 Hand soap 2 pcs. 200 cd Hair net 6 pcs. 30 180 Table 15 Office Supplies Item Quality Unit price Total amount bond paper 1 ream 150 150 Computer ink 1 cartridge 120 120 Receipts 2 ream 100 200 thumping pen 8 pcs. 30 240 Folder 1 box 150 150 Staple wires 5 box 10 50 Paper fasteners 1 box 30 30 Utilities The business firm will need utilities in order to run and operate the business.These include the following Electricity which is needed in manufacturing process witch is estimated a worth of Php 2000 in monthly consumptions which will be provided by Batangas Electric Cooperative II (BATELEC). Water which is needed in sanitizing the equipments, working place, and for food processing which is estimated a worth of Php 1000 in monthly consumptions which will be provided by Tanauan Water District. Telecommunication that is needed in dealing with inquiries, additional information, product orders, communicating to suppliers, and internet connection for online advertisements which is estimated a worth of Php 2000 in monthly consumptions which will be provided by Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company (PLDTco. ). Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) in elation with the heavy duty stove which is estimated a worth of Php 3000 in monthly consumption which will be provided by Shellane. Fuel or Diesel for vehicle purposes which is estimated a worth of Php 8000, which will be provided by Shell. unfounded Disposal As an environment friendly business entity, zero waste management is made by separation of biodegradable from non-biodegradable waste.Waste collection will be held based on the garbage collectors schedule for collecting. Cleaning program is also implemented which cuts the production period an hour earlier for make clean purposes. Plant Location In putting up a business entity we need to consider the following factors such as nearness to market, accessibilit y, water, and business supply, tape drive and leasing cost in choosing location is the important thing that we need to study. After knowing those things, the researchers choose to establish the business at Brgy. Sambat Tanauan City. The availability of manpower is present and the location is applicable for the business. The transportation also plays a significant role that makes the location accessible.Because it is near at the market, Gasoline Station, Shellaine, Water Station and also to the CALABARZON. pic Figure 3 Plant Location pic Figure 4 Factory LayoutBoiling and roasting of the Jackfruit seed Add brown sugar, salt, and vegetable oil to form a mixture Put all the mixed ingredients to a food processor NO Quality Control YES Bottle filling Packaging and Labeling Quality control Caltex Plant Location Mini stop Shellane Shell Mc Donalds Jollibee Market 7 eleven Tanauan Crossing GOING TO CALABARZON Inventory area Entrance 300 sq. meters Cashier Mixing Packaging Quality Control G rinding Boiling Roasting STORE PARKING AREA

Race, ethnicity, prejudice: white Australia policy Essay

This paper is divided into two parts. In the first part the concepts or endure, ethnicity, harm and racial discrimination argon defined and how they are connected is discussed. Part 2 of the paper looks at the White Australia insurance and why it was introduced. The impact of such a racist immigration history on contemporary Australia is also discussed in terms of attitudes and behaviours of the population.Following is a brief discussion on how successive g everywherenment policies and non-government organisations behave tried to deal with and eradicate racialism and discrimination against minority groups in Australia since the White Australia policy was abolished in the 1940s. Lastly, the tensions that remain at once in multicultural Australia are explored. Part 1 What is race? During the easy 18th and early 19th centuries it was thought that humans could be divided into different groups according to their biological makeup,or alternatively, their race. The term race focused more on common features that were shared among a single species, rather than placing emphasis on the characteristics which divide us (Cohen & Kennedy, 2007 Giddens, 2001). The emerging theories of race were used to justify the come up friendly order as England along with other European nations became imperial powers. It was thought that there were three main race categories, white, black and yellow, with the white race being the superior race (Giddens, 2001).Today, sociologists reject the idea of racial hierarchy amongst humankind and propose that race is a social construct related to the ways that people and cultures interpret, and react to, minor physical differences (Van Krieken, Habibis, Smith, Hutchins, Haralambos & Holborn, 2006, p. 264). The idea of signifi offert biological differences has been debunked in contemporary sociology and the notion replaced with the emergence of ethnicity. What is ethnicity?The idea of race is a social construct found on innate physical dif ferences, while ethnicity is purely social in meaning based on less obvious differences such as social markers of culture, language, religion, style of dress and nationality (Giddens, 2001 Cohen & Kennedy, 2007 Van Krieken et al, 2010 Matsumoto & Juang, 2004). In other words, it looks at how single group of people are distinguishable from another based on differences that are learned. In practice, ethnic labels almost always apply to minority groups deep down a society.This is problematic in the sense that it poses a attempt of separation between us and them (Giddens, 2001 Van Krieken et al, 2010). Another problem is that ethnic groupings are often too generic. In Australia, for example, we might speak of a Islamic ethnic group or the Muslim community. Muslim, therefore, becomes one category which in fact holds a number of subgroups itself which does not get acknowledged. Another vent arising from ethnic grouping is that labels are usually given to the minority, when in fact, w e are all ethnic regardless of if we belong to an ethnic minority or majority.What is evil? Prejudice refers to imprints or attitudes held by members of one groups towards another (Giddens, 2001, p. 250). These opinions and attitudes are usually based on preconceived views based on stereotypes rather than evidence and are hard to change so far when presented with evidence stating otherwise (McConnochie, Hollinsworth & Pettman, 1988). Prejudice is based on internal beliefs and when those beliefs lead to a particular behaviour as a result it turns into discrimination.For example, if people are denied the same opportunities, such as gaining study, based on their skin colour, their ethnicity or disability as a result of prejudice, prejudice becomes discrimination. What is racialism? When we speak of race, ethnicity and prejudice we are intrinsically linking racism as well. Racism is prejudice interpreted another step further. In contrast to prejudice, racism is based on perceived cu ltural superiority, which is itself based on perceived familial superiority (McConnochie et al, 1988). There are two forms of racism individual and institutional. psyche racism involves one-on-one scenarios where racist attitudes are expressed based on a particular individuals belief towards another. For example, one person might be of the opinion that all Aboriginals are dirty, and therefore, be racist to an Aboriginal when they are walking down the street, at school or consummation. Institutional racism on the other hand is far broader in context and more complex. It refers to the ways in which racism has infiltrated into social institutions which govern, discriminate and oppress various groups within that society based on their race (McConnochie et al, 1988).These institutions within our societies, such as schools and healthcare services, use racism in a systematic manner which favours one group over all the others. Although racism as a notion is the same for both individual and institutional purposes, the consequences of the two are vastly different. Sociologists have argued that in the recent years racism has shifted from excluding groups on a biological basis, to more of a cultural basis of difference (Giddens, 2001 Van Krieken et al, 2010). In this unexampled wave of racism there are clearly underlying political dimensions.Part 2 The White Australia Policy (1880s 1940s) Australia as we know it today is a result of careful political planning and construction to create a particular kind of society. From early European settlers until the late 19th light speed Australia had an open immigration policy (Cope, Castles & Kalantzis, 1991). Everyone was welcome and encouraged to come as populating the land was the primary concern. However, immigration legislation changed as unemployment rates started rising and fears of over population from the Chinese was ignited.As a result, the White Australia policy was introduced in 1980 and lasted through to early 1940s (Van Krieken et al, 2010 Jupp, 2002). Economic and cultural reasons were the main reasons for introducing the White Australia policy (Windschuttle, 2005). Social tackiness was a real concern at the while and it was believed that solidarity could not be maintained with so many inferior races populating the nation. It was believed that, in symmetry to Darwins theory of evolution, the fittest race will survive and the weakest would be eliminated accordingly.These were the main underlying rationales for keeping Australia as pure as possible. Impact of Australias immigration history on the attitudes and behaviours of contemporary Australians As contemporary Australia becomes more diverse, racist attitudes embedded from immigration history and previous policies can still be felt. contemplation of racism through attitudes and behaviours has taken on bracing form. Contemporary expressions of racism tend to be focused on national identity and nationhood rather than genetic superiority , and tend to also be fuelled by the popular media.Once again, the concern appears to be on social cohesion and the belief that minority groups place the cohesion and national identity at risk, showing remnants of the White Australia policy. Inherent racist beliefs and attitudes expressed today are targeted towards minority groups who potentially are the most disadvantaged. Measures taken by the government to address this disadvantage is seen as an unfair privileged treatment at the expense of the majority. Examples of this include opposition towards action policies promoting Indigenous Australians into authoritative jobs and provision of English language support to in the buffcomers.Attempts at eradicating racism and discrimination against minority groups and individuals since the end of the White Australia policy Assimilation lasted from the 1940s until the mid 1960s. This new policy adopted the assumptions from the White Australia policy on preserving the society as homogenous in order to keep cohesion and harmoniousness. It meant that immigrants should absorb themselves into mainstream culture as quickly as possible and become as Australian as possible (Van Krieken et al, 2010 Cope et al, 1991).Government policies were put into place for English language lessons, which were at the centre of the policy, along with services to help migrants find employment and help them out with housing upon their arrival (Van Krieken et al, 2010). In other words, the main emphasis of the culture policy was to make them look like us as much and as quickly as possible. Integration followed on from assimilation and lasted from the mid 1960s to the early 1970s. The expectations of the assimilation policy and the evident reality were rather different and as a result the integration approach appeared.The government shifted focus from do them like us to educating the Australian public to accept and welcome the new changes and the need to change attitudes to be less fearful and negative to more tolerant. With new policies developed at the time, overall differences were welcomed and encouraged into the public domain. By the early to mid 1970s multiculturalism was introduced as an attempt to ease some of the tensions and anxieties and started the shift from British focused immigration.The Racial Discrimination Act was introduced in 1975 and racism was officially legislated against. Under the new RDA it became against the law to discriminate in areas such as housing, employment and provision of services. By the 1980s, multiculturalism was being redefined, and the emphasis of the concept was equity across the board for all individuals in Australia irrespective of their background (Van Krieken et al, 2010). Multiculturalism was a concept encompassing the need for unity, inclusion, tolerance, acceptance and equality.What tensions remain today in multicultural Australia? Despite the push by the government for all residents to identify as an Australian and work together to develop a national identity, whilst providing equal opportunities and access across the board, it hasnt been an easy journey to date. At the core of the issue of Australia as a multicultural nation is national identity. Defining what it means to be Australian has been problematic over the years and has usually reflected political movements.Remnants of White Australia policy can still, however, be felt in todays society as they are expressed through traditional racist attitudes and beliefs and are sometimes the drive of racial attacks, segregation and anxiety of minority groups. Moreover, tension exists on a number of other issues including the feeling of displacement for migrants of non-English-speaking background who after some time do not identify with the Australian national identity nor with their mother-land (Jupp, 2002). They face a number of adjustment issues as well such as assay to gain employment.Other issues still relevant in multicultural Australia include limited inclusion of Indigenous issues within the policies, tension in relation to Asiatic immigration, the extent to which different value and belief systems are accepted and allowed for, the uncertainty of the role and nature of ethnic and minority groups within the broader mainstream society, the correlation of class, gender and ethnicity, the appointment between inclusion and tolerance and the currently hot debated issue on asylum seekers (Jupp, 2002 Van Krieken et al, 2010).In conclusion, whilst multiculturalism has certainly been a step forward and modernized thus far in unifying all Australian citizens as one there is still a long way to go forwards the ideal is achieved. More research is needed in areas that affect minority groups and the daily issues they are faced with based on their gender, age and ethnicity. The findings need to be considered and used when in writing new policies for the nation.While there is no easy answer to any of the issues Australia is faced wit h today, a new form of multiculturalism with an even bigger focus on unity, respect and mindfulness is needed in progressing forward. Refrences Cope, B. , Castles, S. , & Kalantzis, M. (1991). Historical overview of the assumptions about the relationship between immigration and social cohesion. In Immigration, ethnic conflict and social cohesion (Ch. 2, pp. 3 19). Centre for Multicultural Studies, University of Wollongong, Canberra AGPS.Cohen, R. & Kennedy, P. (2007). Social Inequalities Gender, Race and Class. In Global Sociology. (2nd edition, Ch 6, pp 157 162). Giddens, A. (2001). Race, Ethnicity and Migration. In Sociology. (4th edition, Ch 9, pp 244 277). Cambridge Polity Press. Jupp, J. (2002). From White Australia to Woomera The myth of Australian Immigration. Cambridge Cambridge University Press. McConnochie, K. , Hollinsworth, D. , & Pettman, J. (1988). Race and racism in Australia. Wentworth Falls, NSW Macleay Press. Matsumoto, D.& Juang, L. (2004) Culture and psycholo gy (3rd ed. ). Cambridge Cambridge University Press. Van Krieken, R. , Habibis, D. , Smith, P. , Hutchins, B. , Haralambos, M. , & Holborn, M. (Eds. ). (2006). Sociology. Themes and Perspectives. (3rd ed. ). Frenchs Forest Pearson Longman. Van Krieken, R. et al (2010). Identities Indigenous, National, Ethnic and Racial. In Sociology. (4th edition, Ch 8, pp 256 282). Sydney Pearson. Windschuttle. K. (2005). The White Australia policy. Sydney Papers, 17(3-4), 129-134.

The Crucible Research Paper

John Doe The Crucible Research Paper Around the same, beginning in the 1940s, twain McCarthyism and the imprisoning of the Nipponese aft(prenominal) Pearl Harbor were taking place. Senator Joseph McCarthy went house to house searching and questioning people he believed were communist. If you were accused of organism communist you were put on a list called the red-list, which meant that your passport was taken away, your job was at stake or you were sent to jail. Immediately after Pearl Harbor was attacked, the President declared that everyone of Japanese decent could be a possible threat to the American people.The Japanese families all over the nation were sent to internment camps, much like those of the Holocaust. The lucky ones were told to pack one suitcase and leave their homes and move to their new location, given by the government of course. McCarthyism and the Japanese Internment Camps have several similarities and a a couple of(prenominal) differences. To begin, in both cases, the subject at hand was blown out of proportion with inadequate evidence against both the so-called communists and the supposed Japanese spies. McCarthys relentless pursuit of communist subversives took the witch-hunt to new heights. After the cold war, the threat of communism intensified. Several people, including celebrities, were red-listed. There was absolutely no proof that these people were veritable(a) communist. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, President Franklin Roosevelt was convinced that there were Japanese spies here in America. Again, with no factual evidence that these people of Japanese decent were spying for Japan, they were all taken from their homes and places in internment camps or moved to a different location with no explanation. The US justified their body process by claiming that there was a danger of those of Japanese descent spying for the Japanese. To wrap up, during McCarthyism and the Japanese Interment Camps, both were prisoned unfairly witho ut evidence or trial. Secondly, the dickens topics at hand differed because with the Japanese, the only people that were moved and or imprisoned were those of Japanese decent, but with the red scare, anyone could possibly be accused. During the time the Japanese were being sent to the internment camps, under the order of President Roosevelt, everyone knew what was going on and exactly who the accused were.On the contrary, while McCarthy was persistently hunting for those who could possible be communists with the conception of overthrowing our Republic, none of the common people knew who or when the next communist would be red-listed, or maybe jailed. Mad chaos went through the county in both cases. To conclude, both McCarthyism and the Japanese Internment camps compared and contrasted in a few ways. In both time periods, people were jailed without any proof that they were guilty, chaos was insane referable to the random imprisonment of loved ones and friends.However the two contr asted because during McCarthyism several people of many different ethnic backgrounds were red-listed and when the Japanese were being sent to internment camps or relocated, specifically the Japanese were targeted. Works Cited History Study Center Home Page. History Study Center Home Page. N. p. , 2002. Web. 27 Nov. 2012. Internment History. PBS. PBS, n. d. Web. 29 Nov. 2012. Miller, Arthur. McCarthyism. PBS. PBS, 23 Aug. 2006. Web. 26 Nov. 2012. World War Two Japanese Internment Camps in the USA. World War Two. N. p. , 10 Sept. 2012. Web. 30 Nov. 2012.

Figurative Language

Stephany Vielman March 12, 2013 Prophets and Figurative Language Jeremiah was a prophet cal guide upon by God at a very young age to do His work. Jeremiah spoke against those who disobeyed God and spoke on the consequences of sin. He had a very hard line of reasoning of trying to get the tidy sum of God to obey Him in one case again and to get them to stop sinning against Him. Jeremiah used figurative language to tell stories and to explain to the people what was going to happen if they continued to sin.What is the difference mingled with a figurative and a literal analogy?The natural imagery that Jeremiah uses can be seen as useful in getting his point crosswise to the disobedient people because he used it to key fruit a scary picture of how God would devour the people, but he was also able to paint a peaceful picture of how he was like a lamb all while using things that were relevant and ordinary to them so that it made maven to them.In Jeremiah 514 we see nature being used fi guratively as a force of destruction, Because they have spoken this expression, I am flat making my words in your mouth a fire, and this people wood, and the fire shall devour them. God is very explicit here and you have no interrogation in what he wants to do to the people. He uses very simple forces of nature that are relevant and cognize to the people. You know that God is upset because he uses the word devour, where as He could have used burn, but the word itself shows the force He is willing to strike with. Fire and wood are elements that are known and when put together we know what happens, so it was useful to put these together so that the people can see how great God is. The fire is not even Gods own actions, but His words put into Jeremiahs mouth, so it leaves you to imagine and wonder what would happen if it was coming straight from God, without an intermediate. The hold up of Jeremiah is filled with terrifying figurative language of destruction and death so it is ha rd to find a positive example of natural imagery.In Jeremiah 1119, Jeremiah compares himself to a lamb and a maneuver with fruit, which is a very nice choice for natural imagery, but what is said to be done against the lamb is terrifying, But I was a gentle lamb led to the slaughter, And I did not know it was against me that the devised schemes, saying, Let us destroy the tree with fruit, let us cut him off from the land of the living, so that his name will no longer be remembered The choice of the lamb is positive because lambs re little, cute, and pure, and do no harm. Lambs are led by shepherds, but as we know, they are also killed for food or for sacrifice. In this case the lamb is led to be slaughtered, but just with the inclination of evil. Jeremiah is to be seen as obedient, pure, and holy since he obeys and follows God in every way possible, but the people of tired of him so they plan to kill him. He is also compared to a tree with fruit because he has a lot to offer to the people, such as animation.The imagery usage of with fruit is important because it shows the tree serves with purpose, just like Jeremiah. It also shows that that tree is alive and in good soil, and instead of its fruit be eaten, the people will cut it off. Jeremiahs job was already difficult as it was and it was necessary for him to use figurative language as a prophetic tool to get his message across to the people. I see it as effective because some people need to hear and see things in a different perspective that includes images of things that are relevant to them.The people would have listened less if Jeremiah would have spoken in prophetic language. The usage of nature is also very effective because it was a part of everyday life for them fire, wind, trees, lambs, etc. There could be possible dangers involving imagery, such as someone not understand the concept because they were thrown off by the comparison or being distracted by it as well, but Jeremiah used it well.

Exampls of Price Mechanism in China

In latest years in China, a nationwide famous tea called Xihu Longjing Tea is allocated to buyers using the price mechanism. This good-natured of tea is produced only in one place, Xihu, or West Lake, in Zhejiang Province in China, and is rattling dependent on weather. If in one year there is frost in spring in which Longjing Tea is harvest and produced, the quantity of production will plummet seriously. This shifts the supply curve to the left in a large scale, which makes the price high-rocket to the new equilibrium point by moving along the rent curve. Then in this year Longjing Tea will become a kind of luxurious drink.Only deep people are able and have the willingness to purchase, who regard this as a way to show hit their wealth. I believe the society should use the price mechanism to determine for whom this good is produced because as rareness, luxury, as well as consumption for enjoyment, the change of the price will not make big core on the living situation of the mi ddle class and disadvantaged consumers. Price mechanism in the merchandise of Longjing Tea has no impact on social equity but improve efficiency of allocation. similarly in China, vegs and midpoint are products that are not allocated by the price mechanism.Instead the price is stipulated by the government. Although vegetable production and transportation, like Longjing Tea mentioned above, are affected by seasonal climate, the Chinese government makes its case to stabilize the price. I believe that the society should not use price mechanism to allocate vegetables and meat because they are daily necessities, which are produced for all people, the riches, the middle classes, as well as the poors. I think government should spend some of their revenue to stabilize the increasing price in order to take up equity and the stability of the society.

Building systems integration for enhanced environmental performance Essay

socialization & Technology decoratorure is considered as the art that involves designing and the social organisation of buildings and since Antiquity, the art of architecture has been known to be closely related and associated with history of art (Jaradat, 2012). The reasons why architecture has been closely related to art is that a lot of the public whole shebang, such as the religious buildings were constructed with aesthetics in mind in supplement to the functionality of the buildings (Jaradat, 2012). The buildings were built with a basal aim of inspiring people and likewise perfume the function of portion the public. For this reason, the buildings involved the service of various people in the society which included the craftsmen and various artists in the society. Furthermore, labourers were too part of the teams that took part in the formula of the buildings ensuring that the artistic features and the functionality of the buildings were brought out as required. The interior of the buildings as come up as the exteriors of the buildings were wontd as showcase for the various fine arts paintings, relief sculptures, frieze, and stained crosspatch (Demkin, & American Institute of Architects, 2008). Furthermore, the decorations included various works of art such as the metalwork and the mosaic. It is also to be far-famed that the phylogenesis of public buildings also involved visual arts. From the many centuries that have passed, the primary functions of early architecture were to have a consolidation of security and power inwardly the buildings. Furthermore, the aim of the works of architecture was also to make the gods happy (Jaradat, 2012). It was observed that as the society became richer, the functions that were performed by early architecture also became more important in the society. According to Emmitt, (2013), at that place have been a lot of proficient developments that have taken place everywhere the past years which have led to the transformation of how buildings ar constructed. The development in technology has changed the way buildings are designed and the types of buildings that are being constructed across the world. there has been great change in the materials that are being used by the parade engineers in the eddy of buildings (Emmitt, 2013). The materials being used in social organization of buildings have made the work of the process engineers easier than it was before the developments in technology. It has become possible for the process engineers to construct any type of building that they want, primarily because of the type of materials that are currently being used. While architectures have continued to adopt the ancient designs and styles of buildings, process engineers have been sprightly embracing changes that have been brought up by developments in technology, as observed by Quatman, & Dhar, (2003). It is observed that over the centuries, what architectures have been doing in the society is relying on the past ancient designs as guidance. A lot of the architectural works have been influenced by ancient designs meaning that architectures have been slow in embracing changes brought most by technological developments. Compared to architectures, process engineers have been in the forefront in embracing technological advancements (Vough, et al., 2013). dish up engineers have been able to embrace technological developments through the materials that they use and the equipment used in carrying out the construction works. Furthermore, Vassigh, & Chandler, (2011) has observed that architecture has continued to remain immune to the forces of transformation as well as kick upstairs over the centuries primarily because the profession has not fully embraced the changes and developments in technology. Architectures have continued to make use of the past designs of buildings to gain inspiration for their work (Vassigh, & Chandler, 2011). It has been observed t hat architects have been slow in embracing the changes brought by developments in technology compared to the winner builders who have been able to make use of technology for refreshed development in building and construction. Furthermore, inquiry has shown that accomplish builders have continued to rise up today in ranks from that of being process engineers to being the primary players in construction of buildings (Marsh, 2000). The master builders have taken the handicraft of identifying the suitable materials for constructions and the suitable design that can match certain materials. Architects have continued to be silent in developing new models in construction. A lot of reservation has been made by architects for the settle of maintaining the ancient culture in construction of buildings. On the other hand, master builders have taken the challenges of experimenting with new ideas on building materials and types of designs in construction (Marcus, 1989). The development s in technology have made it easy for the master builders to become more innovative in designing of buildings and the construction of buildings. The use f technology has enabled master builders to construct buildings that were never there in the past centuries through the use of material that is more durable. The omit of change in the culture of architects of getting inspiration from ancient buildings from time to time has been a indorser to the view that master builders have risen in ranks more than the architects (Chappell, & Willis, 2013). It has been observed that both in the mysterious and the public sector, the owners and investors in buildings like to ensure that there is accountability in the buildings that they construct. The accountability that is needed is with catch to the materials being used and the quality of building that is being constructed (Jaradat, 2012). To ensure that there is no confusion and that there is total accountability, the process engineers are the ones that take the whole responsibility. The process engineers are tasked with the issue of designing the buildings, allocating the cost and the types of materials that are supposed to be used. Furthermore, the process engineers are the ones that are in the forefront in find the type of human resource that is need for the completion of the buildings as per the needs of the owners (Jaradat, 2012). Therefore, considering that architects are only pertain with the designing, it becomes impossible for the owners of the buildings to hold the architects accountable in case of anything (Vough, et al., 2013). The lack of accountability on the side of the architects has left6 path for the process engineers to take up the responsibility of being accountable. Therefore, the owners of buildings tend to employ the run of the process engineers in price of the design and the construction of their buildings, leaving the architects out of the loop (Jaradat, 2012). From the perspective o f accountability, it can be illustrious that process engineers are the ones that rise up to the ranks of master builders as compared to the architects who are left to continue labor movement their role of designing (Chappell, & Willis, 2013). According to Marsh, (2000), over the years, research has shown that there has been great change in terms of leadership in construction ranges. It has been observed that owners of constructions, private and public, both have been observed to employ the services of contractors. The use of contractors to take care of the construction fancy has led to what is referred to as contractor-led construction, an observati0o made by Rajpatty, (2008). down the stairs the contractor-led construction system, the contractor is at the helm of the construction project and is the one that hires the architects to design the buildings. According to research done, the owners of construction projects feel safe with this type of arrangement where the contract or is at the helm. It bids roughly form of thingmabob to the client and offers a one-stop-shop where the client can be able to get everything that is needed to complete their project without having to engage the services of different people. Rajpatty, (2008) observes that the contractor-led projects create a single point of control and responsibility within a project in terms of designing o9f the buildings and the construction of the buildings. Furthermore, it has been identified that the system whereby the contractor or the process engineer is at the helm, of a construction projects enhances control over costs and the schedule of the project (Chappell, & Willis, 2013). The client is able to monitor the progress of their buildings as it is being constructed and can be able to limn how the costs are incurred in the project. It has also been noted that clients prefer the contractor-led system in building and construction because it is believed to foster some form of quislingi sm between the contractor and the client (Marcus, 1989). The end result of the collaboration that is fostered Through the use of the contractor-led system is that there is a process that is less adversarial and the construction of very spicy quality buildings (Marsh, 2000). It can be noted that indeed the roles of that the architects play has changed a lot and the role that process engineers play. The process engineers have continued to rise in ranks due to the accountability that clients require, and which the architects find difficult to provide (Vough, et al., 2013). Furthermore, it has been noted above that the aspect of control over costs and ensuring collaboration has also been part of the impart factors that have led to the rise in the ranks of process engineers as compared to the architects who seem to be immune to change. Furthermore, it has been noted that technology has been a major booster to the rise in ranks of the process engineers in terms of the materials fo r construction and the equipment used in the construction projects (Chappell, & Willis, 2013). Therefore, the rise in ranks of the process engineers compared to the architects leads to some questions that need to be answered. argon there any impacts that architects bring in the construction of buildings? Is the role of architects becoming obsolete? What need to be done to improve the role played by architects in the construction industry? These are some of the questions that need to be researched to help understand why process engineers have risen in ranks compared to architect.ReferencesChappell, D., & Willis, A. (2013). The Architect in Practice. Chicester Wiley.Demkin, J. A., & American Institute of Architects. (2008). The architects handbook of professional practice. Hoboken Wiley.Emmitt, S. (2013). Architectural Technology look into and Practice. New York Wiley.Jaradat, S. (2012). The Architects Role and Interactions in BIM-enabled Projects.Marcus, P. (1989). Building a Constr uction Contract That workings The Owners Role. Arbitration Journal, 44(1), 3-14.Marsh, P. D. V. (2000). Contracting for engineering and construction projects. Burlington, VT Gower.Quatman, G. W., & Dhar, R. R. (2003). The Architects Guide to Design-Build Services. Hoboken, NJ John Wiley & Sons.Rajpatty, S. J. (2008). The Role of the Estimator in Todays Construction Industry. AACE International Transactions, 1-9.Vassigh, S., & Chandler, J. R. (2011). Building systems integrating for enhanced environmental performance. Ft. Lauderdale, FL J. Ross Pub.Vough, H. C., Teresa Cardador, M. M., Bednar, J. S., Dane, E., & Pratt, M. G. (2013). What clients dont get about my profession a model of sensed role-based image discrepancies. Academy Of Management Journal, 56(4), 1050-1080. doi10.5465/amj.2011.0490Source document